越南战争 

越南战争
Chiến tranh Việt Nam
印度支那战争冷战的一部分
日期1955年11月1日[註 1]–1975年4月30日 (1975-04-30)
(19年5个月4周又1天)
地点
结果

北越胜利

领土变更 南北越统一为越南社会主义共和国
参战方
指挥官与领导者

越南共和国 吴廷琰(遇刺)
越南共和国 吴廷瑈(遇刺)
越南共和国 阮文绍
越南共和国 陳善謙
越南共和国 陳文香
越南共和国 阮高祺
越南共和国 高文园
越南共和国 吴光长
越南共和国 楊文明
美國 约翰·肯尼迪(遇刺)
美國 林登·约翰逊
美國 理查德·尼克松
美國 罗伯特·麦克纳马拉
美國 威廉·威斯特摩兰
美國 克赖顿·艾布拉姆斯
美國 克拉克·克利福德
大韩民国 朴正熙
大韩民国 蔡命新
澳大利亚 罗伯特·孟席斯
澳大利亚 哈罗德·霍尔特
新西兰 基思·霍利约克英语Keith Holyoake
泰国 他侬·吉滴卡宗
费迪南德·马科斯

...及其他英语Leaders of the Vietnam War

越南民主共和国 胡志明(病逝)
越南民主共和国 黎笋
越南民主共和国 武元甲
越南民主共和国 文进勇
越南民主共和国 黎仲迅
越南民主共和国 范文同
越南南方共和國 黄文太
越南南方共和國 陈文茶
越南南方共和國 阮文灵
越南南方共和國 阮友寿
苏发努冯
富米·冯维希
凯山·丰威汉
波尔布特
农谢
英萨利
诺罗敦·西哈努克
中华人民共和国 毛泽东
中华人民共和国 周恩來
苏联 尼基塔·謝爾蓋耶維奇·赫魯曉夫
苏联 列昂尼德·伊里奇·勃列日涅夫
朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 金日成
阿尔巴尼亚社会主义人民共和国 恩維爾·霍查
古巴 斐代爾·卡斯楚

...及其他英语Leaders of the Vietnam War
兵力

1,420,000(1968年)

  • 南越:850,000(1968年)
    1,500,000(1974年-1975年)[19]
  • 美国:共2,709,918人在越南服役
    峰值:543,000(1969年4月)[20]:xlv
  • 高棉共和国:
    200,000(1973年)[21]
  • 韩国:每年48,000人(1965-1973年,共320,000人)[22]
  • 泰国:每年32,000人(1965-1973年)
    (在越南[23]和老挝)[24]
  • 澳大利亚:总计50,190
    (峰值:7,672名作战部队)
  • 新西兰:总计3,500
    (峰值:552名作战部队)[25]:
  • 菲律宾: 2,061

≈860,000(1967年)

  • 北越:690,000(1966年,包括越南人民军和越共)[註 2]
  • 中华人民共和国:170,000(1968年)
    总计320,000[27][28][29]
  • 红色高棉:
    70,000(1972年)[20]:376
  • 巴特寮:
    48,000(1970年)[30]
  • 苏联: ~3,000[31]
  • 朝鲜: 200[32]
  • 阿爾巴尼亞: 12[33]
伤亡与损失
  •  越南共和国
    195,000–430,000平民死亡[34][35]:450–3[36]:
    254,256–313,000名军人死亡[37]:275[38]
    1,170,000名军人受伤[20]:
    ≈ 1,000,000被俘[39]
  •  美國
    阵亡:58,220[40](47,434人死于战斗[41][42]
    受伤:303,644(包括150,341名不需要医院护理)
  •  老挝:
    阵亡:15,000[43]
  • 高棉共和国:未知
  •  韩国:
    阵亡:5,099
    受伤:10,962
    失踪:4
  •  澳大利亞:
    阵亡:521
    受伤:3,129
    [44]
  •  泰國:
    阵亡:351
    受伤:1,358[20]:
  •  新西蘭:
    阵亡:37
    受伤:187
    [45]
  •  中華民國
    阵亡:25[46]
    被俘:17人[47]
  •  菲律賓:
    阵亡:9[48]

军人死亡总数:
333,620–392,364

军人受伤总数:
≈1,340,000+
[20]:
(不包括高棉共和国)
军人被俘总数:
≈1,000,000+

  • 北越及越共:
    30,000–182,000名平民死亡[20]:176[34][35]:450–3[49]
    849,018名军人死亡(按越南计算;1/3为非战斗死亡)[50][51]
    666,000–950,765人死亡
    (美国估计,1964-1974年)[34][35]:450–1
    600,000多名军人受伤[52]:739
    300,000多名军人失踪[53]
  • 红色高棉:未知
  • 老挝 巴特寮:未知
  •  中华人民共和国:
    阵亡:~1,100
    受伤:4,200[29]
  •  蘇聯:
    阵亡:16[54]
  •  朝鲜:
    阵亡:14[55]

军人死亡总数:
≈667,130–951,895

军人受伤总数:
~608,200

(不包括柬埔寨王国民族团结政府巴特寮)

越南平民死亡:245,000–2,000,000[56][57]
柬埔寨内战死亡:200,000–300,000*[58][59][60]
老挝内战死亡:20,000–200,000*
总平民死亡:465,000–2,500,000**
总死亡:1,102,000–3,886,026
* 估计数目,见下伤亡统计

** 包括所有在老挝和柬埔寨内战中死亡的数目。

越南戰爭越南语Chiến tranh Việt Nam戰爭越南,英語:Vietnam War;1955年-1975年),簡稱越戰,又称越南抗美救国战争第二次印度支那战争第二次越南戰爭[61][62]是受中华人民共和国苏联等国家支持的北越(越南民主共和国)協同南越“越南南方民族解放陣線”對抗受美国等国家支持的南越(越南共和国)的一場反侵略战争。其發生在冷戰时期的越南(主战场)、老挝柬埔寨,是二戰以後美國參戰人數最多的戰爭,影响极为深远,美国在越南战争中不堪消耗,於是逐步将军队撤出越南,最终北越击败南越并统一越南。

最先开始援助南越的美国总统是艾森豪威尔,從肯尼迪开始支持在越南作战,约翰逊将战争扩大。在尼克松执政后期,迫于国内迭起不断的反战运动、前线战事的吃紧以及與苏联长期对抗的需要,於是逐步将军队撤出越南。不久後越南人民軍,即北越軍,逐漸佔據優勢,和越共游擊隊一起,最终于1975年占领南越首都西贡,南越政权垮台,一年后南北越统一为越南社会主义共和国

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  62. ^ 引证错误:没有为名为:1的参考文献提供内容


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