分析哲學 

分析哲学(英語:英語:analytic philosophy/analytical philosophy),為以概念分析為主要方法的哲學派別,相對於歐陸傳統。二十世紀初興起,盛行於英美哲學界,提出對傳統哲學的挑戰與抗衡。分析哲學,重視於釐清語言與邏輯的語言,與分析現有知識。[1] 自二十世紀初至今,分析哲學是英語國家的大學哲學系主流,包括英國美國澳洲等。[2][3]

分析哲学通常重视语言的作用,在哲学史中被称为語言學轉向。论证常使用形式逻辑数学、甚至自然科学的方法[4][5][6]。分析哲学傳統通常将将问题拆分成小部分,“通过以解答小问题来得出对更宏大问题的答案”[7]

  1. ^ "Without exception, the best philosophy departments in the United States are dominated by analytic philosophy, and among the leading philosophers in the United States, all but a tiny handful would be classified as analytic philosophers. Practitioners of types of philosophizing that are not in the analytic tradition—such as phenomenology, classical pragmatism, existentialism, or Marxism—feel it necessary to define their position in relation to analytic philosophy." John Searle (2003), Contemporary Philosophy in the United States in N. Bunnin and E. P. Tsui-James (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy, 2nd ed., (Blackwell, 2003), p. 1.
  2. ^ See, e.g., Avrum Stroll, Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy (Columbia University Press, 2000), p. 5: "[I]t is difficult to give a precise definition of 'analytic philosophy' since it is not so much a specific doctrine as a loose concatenation of approaches to problems." Also, see Stroll (2000), p. 7: "I think Sluga is right in saying 'it may be hopeless to try to determine the essence of analytic philosophy.' Nearly every proposed definition has been challenged by some scholar. [...] [W]e are dealing with a family resemblance concept."
  3. ^ See Hans-Johann Glock, What Is Analytic Philosophy (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 205: "The answer to the title question, then, is that analytic philosophy is a tradition held together both by ties of mutual influence and by family resemblances."
  4. ^ Trakakis, N. N. Doing Philosophy in Style: A New Look at the Analytic/Continental Divide. Philosophy Compass. 2012-11-28, 7 (12). ISSN 1747-9991. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2012.00526.x. 
  5. ^ sacrifice. [17] Philoneos’ concubine went along for the sacrifice. When they were in Peiraieus, Philoneos sacrificed, of course. And when he had completed the sacrifice, the female wondered how to administer the drug to them, before or after dinner. And as she considered the matter she concluded that after dinner was better; she was also acting on the instructions of this Klytaimestra, my brother’s mother. [18] The full account of the dinner would be too longwinded for me to tell and you to hear. I shall try to give as brief an account as I can of the rest, of how the poison was administered. After dinner, naturally, since one was sacrificing to Zeus of Possessions and entertaining the other, and one was about to go on a voyage and was dining with a close friend, they made a libation and offered incense for their future. [19] And while Philoneos’ concubine was pouring the libation for them – as they offered prayers which would never be fulfilled, gentlemen – she poured in the poison. Thinking she was being clever, she gave more to Philoneos in the belief perhaps that if she gave him more she would win more affection from him – she had no idea that she was my stepmother’s dupe until disaster struck – while she poured less in our father’s drink. [20] They for their part after pouring their libations took their final drink, holding in their hands their own killer. Philoneos died at once on the spot; our father was afflicted with a sickness from which he died after twenty days. For this the assistant who carried out the act has the reward she deserved, though she was not to blame – she was put on the wheel and then handed over to the public executioner; the guilty party, the one who planned it, will soon have hers, if you and the gods will it. [21] Note how much more just my plea is than my brother’s. I urge you to avenge the dead man, who is the victim of an irreparable wrong. For the dead man my brother will offer no request, though he deserves your pity and support and vengeance for having his life taken in a godless and inglorious manner before his time by the last people who should have done this. [22] His plea will be for the murderess, a plea which is unprincipled, unholy, which deserves neither fulfilment nor attention either from the gods or from you; he will seek with his plea (to induce you not to convict her for her crimes) though she could not induce herself not to devise them.* But you must give your support not to those who kill but to the victims of deliberate. Trials from Classical Athens. Routledge. 2002-09-11: 47–48. ISBN 978-0-203-13047-6. 
  6. ^ Glock, Hans-Johann. Was Wittgenstein an Analytic Philosopher?. Metaphilosophy. 2004-07, 35 (4) [2023-03-09]. ISSN 0026-1068. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9973.2004.00329.x. (原始内容存档于2023-03-09) (英语). 
  7. ^ Contested concepts, family resemblances and tradition. What is Analytic Philosophy?. Cambridge University Press. 2001-01-01: 204–230. 



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