此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年11月4日) |
主权国家(英語:Sovereign State,或Sovereign country),即是独立国家(Independent country),指的是一个擁有自我统治权(主權)的獨立國家(State)。主權国家在其領土區域內,享有排他的、绝对的管理权,并能推出一個中央政府來代表它实行管理。
目前的《国际法》将主权国家定义为拥有长住人口、确定领土、一个政府和与其他主权国家建立关系能力的国家。[1][2] 通常也会被理解为主权国家即独立国家。[3][4][5][6] 而根据国家宣示说的理论,一个主权国家可以在没有得到其他主权国家承认的情况下存在。[7][8][9] 但是,未被承认的主权国家会发现其难以行使完整的条约制定权或与其他主权国家建立外交关系。
Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States, 1 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other states'
So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted.
A sovereign state is generally defined to be any nation or people, whatever may be the form of its internal constitution, which governs itself independently of foreign powers.
sovereign: adj. 1. Self-governing; independent: a sovereign state.
sovereign: adjective ... [ attrib. ] (of a nation or state) fully independent and determining its own affairs.
The Committee considers [...] that the state is commonly defined as a community which consists of a territory and a population subject to an organized political authority; that such a state is characterized by sovereignty; [...]
根據「宣示說」(declaratory theory),國家的存在是客觀的事實,並不需要他人的承認;……
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