主权国家 

联合国成员国分布图
联合国的成员国都是主权国家,但并非所有的主权国家都是联合国成员国,圖中可能因為特殊政治意識型態,而出現法理和現實中的不同。

主权国家(英語:Sovereign State,或Sovereign country),即是独立国家Independent country),指的是一个擁有自我统治权主權)的獨立國家State)。主權国家在其領土區域內,享有排他的、绝对的管理权,并能推出一個中央政府來代表它实行管理。

目前的《国际法》将主权国家定义为拥有长住人口、确定领土、一个政府和与其他主权国家建立关系能力的国家。[1][2] 通常也会被理解为主权国家即独立国家[3][4][5][6] 而根据国家宣示说的理论,一个主权国家可以在没有得到其他主权国家承认的情况下存在。[7][8][9] 但是,未被承认的主权国家会发现其难以行使完整的条约制定权或与其他主权国家建立外交关系

  1. ^ Malcolm N. Shaw. International Law 8th Edition. 剑桥大学出版社. 2017-09-14: 178. ISBN 9781316638538 (英语). Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States, 1 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other states' 
  2. ^ Nandasiri Jasentuliyana (编). Perspectives on International Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 1995-11-02: 20 [2021-11-04]. ISBN 9789041108845 (英语). So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted. 
  3. ^ Henry Wheaton. Elements of International Law: With a Sketch of the History of the Science 2. B. Fellowes. 1836: 51 [2021-11-04]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-07) (英语). A sovereign state is generally defined to be any nation or people, whatever may be the form of its internal constitution, which governs itself independently of foreign powers. 
  4. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2006. ISBN 9780618701728 (英语). sovereign: adj. 1. Self-governing; independent: a sovereign state. 
  5. ^ The New Oxford American Dictionary 2ed Edition. 牛津大学出版社. 2005 [2021-11-04]. ISBN 9780195170771 (英语). sovereign: adjective ... [ attrib. ] (of a nation or state) fully independent and determining its own affairs. 
  6. ^ Alain Pellet. The Opinions of the Badinter Arbitration Committee a Second Breath for the Self-Determination of Peoples (PDF). European Journal of International Law. 1992, 3 (1): 182 [2021-11-04]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-10-08) (英语). The Committee considers [...] that the state is commonly defined as a community which consists of a territory and a population subject to an organized political authority; that such a state is characterized by sovereignty; [...] 
  7. ^ Thomas D. Grant. The Recognition of States: Law and Practice in Debate and Evolution. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1999. ISBN 9780275963507 (英语). 
  8. ^ Hersch Lauterpacht. Recognition in International Law 2nd Edition. 剑桥大学出版社. 2012: 64. ISBN 9781107609433 (英语). 
  9. ^ 施正鋒. 國家主權的取得. 民报. 2016-10-11 [2021-11-04]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-07) (中文(繁體)). 根據「宣示說」(declaratory theory),國家的存在是客觀的事實,並不需要他人的承認;…… 



取材自維基百科 - 中文時事百科