膜翅目(学名:Hymenoptera)是昆虫纲中的一個目,其名来自于本目昆蟲膜一般的,透明的翅膀。本目包括各种蜂和蚂蚁。在全世界有約100科,已描述约15万個物种[1][2],已知绝灭物种2,000种以上,实际物种数量估计可能超过100万种[3],是昆虫綱中第三大的目(次於鞘翅目和鱗翅目)[4]。起源自三叠纪[5]。
- ^ Mayhew, Peter J. Why are there so many insect species? Perspectives from fossils and phylogenies. Biological Reviews. 2007, 82 (3): 425–454. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 17624962. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00018.x.
- ^ Janke, Axel; Klopfstein, Seraina; Vilhelmsen, Lars; Heraty, John M.; Sharkey, Michael; Ronquist, Fredrik. The Hymenopteran Tree of Life: Evidence from Protein-Coding Genes and Objectively Aligned Ribosomal Data. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8 (8): e69344. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...869344K. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3732274 . PMID 23936325. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069344.
- ^ Forbes, Andrew A.; Bagley, Robin K.; Beer, Marc A.; Hippee, Alaine C.; Widmayer, Heather A. Quantifying the unquantifiable: why Hymenoptera, not Coleoptera, is the most speciose animal order. BMC Ecology. 2018-12, 18 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/s12898-018-0176-x.
- ^ Zootaxa. 2013-08-30, 3703 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.
- ^ Peters, RS; Krogmann, L; Mayer, C; Donath, A; Gunkel, S; Meusemann, K; Kozlov, A; Podsiadlowski, L; Petersen, M; Lanfear, R; Diez, PA; Heraty, J; Kjer, KM; Klopfstein, S; Meier, R; Polidori, C; Schmitt, T; Liu, S; Zhou, X; Wappler, T; Rust, J; Misof, B; Niehuis, O. Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera.. Current biology : CB. 2017-04-03, 27 (7): 1013–1018. PMID 28343967. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027.