越南战争 Chiến tranh Việt Nam | |||||||||
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印度支那战争和冷战的一部分 | |||||||||
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参战方 | |||||||||
指挥官与领导者 | |||||||||
吴廷琰(遇刺)
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胡志明(病逝) | ||||||||
兵力 | |||||||||
1,420,000(1968年) |
≈860,000(1967年) | ||||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||||
军人死亡总数: |
军人死亡总数: | ||||||||
越南平民死亡:245,000–2,000,000[56][57] |
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越南戰爭(越南语:Chiến tranh Việt Nam/戰爭越南,英語:Vietnam War;1955年-1975年),簡稱越戰,又称越南抗美救国战争、第二次印度支那战争、第二次越南戰爭,[61][62]是受中华人民共和国和苏联等国家支持的北越(越南民主共和国)協同南越“越南南方民族解放陣線”對抗受美国等国家支持的南越(越南共和国)的一場反侵略战争。其發生在冷戰时期的越南(主战场)、老挝、柬埔寨,是二戰以後美國參戰人數最多的戰爭,影响极为深远,美国在越南战争中不堪消耗,於是逐步将军队撤出越南,最终北越击败南越并统一越南。
最先开始援助南越的美国总统是艾森豪威尔,從肯尼迪开始支持在越南作战,约翰逊将战争扩大。在尼克松执政后期,迫于国内迭起不断的反战运动、前线战事的吃紧以及與苏联长期对抗的需要,於是逐步将军队撤出越南。不久後越南人民軍,即北越軍,逐漸佔據優勢,和越共游擊隊一起,最终于1975年占领南越首都西贡,南越政权垮台,一年后南北越统一为越南社会主义共和国。
The Tunku had been personally responsible for Malaya's partisan support of the South Vietnamese regime in its fight against the Vietcong and, in reply to a Parliamentary question on 6 February 1962, he had listed all the used weapons and equipment of the Royal Malaya Police given to Saigon. These included a total of 45,707 single-barrel shotguns, 611 armoured cars and smaller numbers of carbines and pistols. Writing in 1975, he revealed that "we had clandestinely been giving 'aid' to Vietnam since early 1958. Published American archival sources now reveal that the actual Malaysian contributions to the war effort in Vietnam included the following: "over 5,000 Vietnamese officers trained in Malaysia; training of 150 U.S. soldiers in handling Tracker Dogs; a rather impressive list of military equipment and weapons given to Viet-Nam after the end of the Malaysian insurgency (for example, 641 armored personnel carriers, 56,000 shotguns); and a creditable amount of civil assistance (transportation equipment, cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime with arms, equipment and training was regarded by some quarters, especially the Opposition parties, as a form of interfering in the internal affairs of that country and the Tunku's valiant efforts to defend it were not convincing enough, from a purely foreign policy standpoint.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Bulgaria gave official military support to many national liberation causes, most notably in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, (North Vietnam)...
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被忽略 (帮助)
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths
As best as can now be estimated, over two million Cambodians died during the 1970s because of the political events of the decade, the vast majority of them during the mere four years of the 'Khmer Rouge' regime. ... Subsequent reevaluations of the demographic data situated the death toll for the [civil war] in the order of 300,000 or less.
An estimated 275,000 excess deaths. We have modeled the highest mortality that we can justify for the early 1970s.
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的参考文献提供内容取材自維基百科 - 中文時事百科