此条目页的主題是一个跨欧亚的高加索国家。关于与「
阿塞拜疆」標題相近或相同的条目页,請見「
阿塞拜疆 (消歧义)」。
阿塞拜疆共和国(亞塞拜然語:Azərbaycan Respublikası),通称亞塞拜然(Azərbaycan),是一个位于東歐和西亞交界处以及外高加索东部的跨大陆国家,政府为总统制和宪法共和制,所处地区是连接东欧和西亚的十字路口[註 1] ,东临裏海,南接伊朗,西边和亚美尼亚、土耳其及格鲁吉亚为邻,北界俄罗斯。阿塞拜疆的一块飞地:纳希切万自治共和国,与土耳其东北部有小段接壤。国名来自于古波斯語,意为“火的土地”[7]。該國以地理位置而言大部分屬於亞洲,少部分属于欧洲,但對外一般自稱歐洲國家。
阿塞拜疆民主共和国于1918年5月28日正式宣布独立,成为第一个以穆斯林占绝大多数的世俗化民主共和国[8],也是第一个有歌剧和戏剧院和现代大学的穆斯林国家[9]。阿塞拜疆于1920年成为一个苏维埃共和国[10][11],阿塞拜疆在苏联解体前的1991年8月30日独立。
阿塞拜疆的宪法中未指明国教,且国家的大多数政治力量都是世俗主义者,但大部分的国民以及国内一些反对派也都为什叶派人士[12]。阿塞拜疆的人类发展指数较高,与大多数东欧国家相当[13]。阿塞拜疆也有较高的识字率[14]和较低的失业率[15]。然而阿塞拜疆的贪污现象也很普遍,特别是在公共服务业上[16][17]。在2009年阿塞拜疆宪法公民投票中,国民议会废除了总统任期限制。现在的执政党新阿塞拜疆党执政以来,就阿塞拜疆人权和政党的集权主义遭到指责[18][19]。
- ^ The State Statistical Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic, The ethnic composition of the population according to the 2009 census. azstat.org
- ^ Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 13 February 2020 [23 February 2020]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-27).
- ^ Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆): Azərbaycanda demoqrafik vəziyyət (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) — xəbərin yayınlanma tarixi: 15.04.2014
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Azerbaijan. World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). April 2022 [2022-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-10) (英语).
- ^ Gini Index. World Bank. [2011-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-29).
- ^ Human Development Report 2019 (PDF). UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. [2019-12-21]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-12-09).
- ^ Azerbaijan: Early History: Persian and Greek Influences. U.S. Library of Congress. [2006-06-07]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-12).
- ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3, ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3 and Reinhard Schulze. A Modern History of the Islamic World. I.B.Tauris, 2000. ISBN 978-1-86064-822-9, ISBN 978-1-86064-822-9.
- ^ E. Cornell, Svante. The Politicization of Islam in Azerbaijan. Silk Road Paper. 2006: 124, 222, 229, 269–270.
- ^ Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. 哥伦比亚大学出版社. 1995: 69, 133 [2015-01-31]. ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3. (原始内容存档于2021-05-17).
- ^ Pipes, Richard. The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism 1917–1923 2nd. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1997: 218–220, 229. ISBN 978-0-674-30951-7.
- ^ Cornell, Svante E. Azerbaijan Since Independence. M.E. Sharpe. 2010: 165, 284.
Indicative of general regional trends and a natural reemergence of previously oppressed religious identity, an increasingly popular ideological basis for the pursuit of political objectives has been Islam.... The government, for its part, has shown an official commitment to Islam by building mosques and respecting Islamic values... Unofficial Islamic groups sought to use aspects of Islam to mobilize the population and establish the foundations for a future political struggle.... Unlike Turkey, Azerbaijan does not have the powerful ideological legacy of secularism... the conflict with Armenia has bred frustration that is increasingly being answered by a combined Islamic and nationalist sentiment, especially among younger people... All major political forces are committed to secularism and are based, if anything, on a nationalist agenda.
- ^ Human Development Index and its components (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. [2015-02-03]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-05).
- ^ Literacy rate among schoolchildren in Azerbaijan is 100% – UN report (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – News.Az – Published 28 October 2011.
- ^ CIA The World Factbook. CIA. [2014-01-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-06).
- ^ Azerbaijan and the 2013 presidential election UK Parliament briefing paper, 25 October 2013
- ^ Transparency International CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2012. [2015-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-28).
- ^ Introduction: Azerbaijan. CIA World Factbook. [2014-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-17).
- ^ Human Rights Watch: Azerbaijan. Human Rights Watch. [2014-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-14).
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