笛卡尔主义

笛卡尔主义（Cartesianism）是勒内·笛卡尔开创的哲学和科学体系，并由17世纪的思想家（包括尼古拉·马勒伯朗士、巴魯赫·斯賓諾莎）继承发展。笛卡尔通常被看作是第一个强调运用理性对于自然科学发展的重要作用的思想家。^[1]笛卡尔认为，哲学是一个囊括了一切知识的思想体系，这表现在如下方面：^[2]

笛卡尔把心灵与肉体看作是全然分离的。关于现实的感觉和知觉被看成是错误和幻觉的来源，可靠的真理只在于形而上学心灵的存在中。心灵可以和物理身体相互作用，却不存在于身体之中，甚至不存在于一个类似身体的物理平台上。至于心灵和身体如何相互作用这个问题则一直困扰着笛卡尔和他的后继者，对此，不同的笛卡尔主义者会给出不同的说法。^[3]

^ Grosholz, Emily. Cartesian method and the problem of reduction. Oxford University Press. 1991 [2017-12-31]. ISBN 0-19-824250-6. （原始内容存档于2019-06-04）. But contemporary debate has tended to...understand [Cartesian method] merely as the 'method of doubt'...I want to define Descartes's method in broader terms...to trace its impact on the domains of mathematics and physics as well as metaphysics.
^ Descartes, René; Translator John Veitch. Letter of the Author to the French Translator of the Principles of Philosophy serving for a preface. [August 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-17）. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ Cartesianism | philosophy. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2016-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-16）.

[1] Grosholz, Emily. Cartesian method and the problem of reduction. Oxford University Press. 1991 [2017-12-31]. ISBN 0-19-824250-6. （原始内容存档于2019-06-04）. But contemporary debate has tended to...understand [Cartesian method] merely as the 'method of doubt'...I want to define Descartes's method in broader terms...to trace its impact on the domains of mathematics and physics as well as metaphysics.

[Preface-2] Descartes, René; Translator John Veitch. Letter of the Author to the French Translator of the Principles of Philosophy serving for a preface. [August 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-17）. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

[:0-3] Cartesianism | philosophy. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2016-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-16）.

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笛卡尔主义 转为简体

笛卡尔主义