肺癌 

肺癌
同义词Lung carcinoma
胸部X光(胸片)显示出肺部肿瘤(箭头所指处)。
症状咳嗽(包含咳嗽咳出血)、體重減輕呼吸短促、各種胸痛[1]
常見始發於~70 歲[2]
类型小细胞癌(SCLC)、非小細胞癌英语non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC)[3]
风险因子吸菸遺傳因子氣、石棉空氣污染[4][5]
診斷方法醫學影像活體組織切片[6][7]
治療外科手術化学疗法放射線療法[7]
预后五年存活率 17.4%(美國)[2]
盛行率330萬(2015年)[8]
死亡數170萬(2015年)[9]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科肿瘤学
ICD-112C25
ICD-10C3333.-C3434.
ICD-9-CM162.3、​162.5、​162.8、​162.4
OMIM211980、​608935、​612593、​614210、​612571
DiseasesDB7616
MedlinePlus007194、​007270
eMedicine279960、​280104、​362919、​358274、​358433

肺癌(英語:Lung cancer[7])也称支气管肺癌[10][11][12],是惡性肺部肿瘤,肇因於肺部組織细胞不受控制地生長英语cell growth[13]。如不治疗,肿瘤细胞转移至鄰近組織或身體的其他地方[14]。肺部最常見的原發性惡性腫瘤屬於上皮癌[15],可粗分為小细胞癌(SCLC)和非小细胞癌英语non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC)[3]。肺癌最常見的症狀咳嗽(包括咳血)、体重减轻、气短和胸痛[1]

大多数(85%)肺癌患者患病的原因为长期吸菸[4],然而亦有大约10-15%的患者从不吸菸[16]。这部分人患上肺癌常是由于遗传因素和吸入氡氣石棉二手煙,或其他空气污染物共同导致[4][17][5][18]。肺癌在胸部X光斷層掃描(CT)中可见[7],并可通过支气管镜检查或CT引导下进行活检确诊[6][19]

避開汙染物等風險因子為最主要的預防方式[20]。肺癌的治疗和长期疗效取决于类型、阶段(转移的程度)和患者的整体健康状况[7]。大多數的肺癌無法治癒[3],常見治療方式有外科手術化疗放疗[7]。非小细胞肺癌有时采用手术治疗,而小细胞肺癌(SCLC)通常对化疗和放疗的效果佳[21]

在2012年,全球約有180萬人新罹患肺癌,並導致160萬人死亡[15]。肺癌是男性常見的癌症致死病因,在女性則僅次於乳癌,列名第二[22]。肺癌最常於70歲上下診斷[2]。在美国,总体而言患者在确诊为肺癌之後,有17.4%的人存活时间超过5年[2],而这个比例在发展中国家则较低[23]

在2020年,全球新发肺癌病例约220.7 万,新增肺癌死亡病例约179.6万,分别占全部恶性肿瘤新发和死亡病例的11.4%和18.0%。[24]2022年中国新发肺癌病例约87.1万,新增肺癌死亡病例约76.7万,分别占所有恶性肿瘤发病和死亡病例的18.1%和23.9%。[25]

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