朝鲜战争 

朝鲜战争
6·25전쟁(六二五戰爭)
한국전쟁(韓國戰爭)
조국해방전쟁(祖國解放戰爭)
조선전쟁(朝鮮戰爭)

항미원조전쟁 抗美援朝戰爭[註 26]
Korean War
冷戰朝鲜半岛冲突的一部分

由左至右,由上至下為:联合国军在仁川登陆长津湖战役中撤退的美国海军陆战队原州戰役美國第2步兵師雙隧道戰役的法國營坦克;砥平里戰役的美軍士兵;上甘岭战役的中國人民志願軍士兵。
日期1950年6月25日-1953年7月27日(事实上)
(3年1个月又2天)
1950年6月25日至今(法理上)[註 27]
(73年9个月又4天)
地点
状态

军事僵持

  • 朝鮮人民軍南下控制朝鮮半島大部后被联合国军击退
  • 联合国軍控制朝鮮半島大部后被中國人民志願軍击退
  • 志願軍、人民軍收复朝鮮半島北部,攻佔汉城一带后遭到联合国军反攻,随后被击退。
  • 战线在三八线附近往复,双方继续战争,又进行和平谈判。
  • 签署朝鲜停战协定,以停战名义结束,但南北仍保持冲突状态
领土变更
  • 建立朝韩非军事区
  • 朝鲜获取开城,但净损失1,500平方英里(3,900平方公里)领土[10]
  • 参战方
    指挥官与领导者

    兵力
    巔峰兵力:

    合计: 972,334

    总计:
    1,780,000[19]
    巔峰兵力:

    合计: 1,642,000 / 1,742,000

    总计:
    中华人民共和国 2,970,000[26]
    苏联 72,000[25]
    伤亡与损失

    死亡和失踪总数:170,927人死亡,32,585人失踪(韩国162,394人,美国36,574人,其他4,544人)
    受伤总数: 566,434人
    [註 28]

    详情

    死亡和失踪总数:490,598-592,177(朝鲜316,000-417,579人,中國174,598人,蘇聯299人)
    受伤总数: 686,500人

    详情
    •  朝鲜[43]
      阵亡215,000-316,579人[44] [45][46]
      负伤303,000人
      失踪或被俘101,000人
    •  中华人民共和国
      (中華人民共和國方面统计数据):
      阵亡148,977人(197,653人,包括非战斗人员和休战后死亡人数)[47]
      负伤383,218人
      住院455,199人
      失踪25,621人
      被俘21,374人
      [註 31]
      (美方估计数据):[43]
      阵亡400,000+人
      负伤486,000人
      被俘21,839人[50]
    •  蘇聯
      阵亡299人
      335架飞机失踪[51]
    • 被杀害的平民总数:200-300万(估计)[52][53]
    • 韩国人:
      总伤亡人数990,968人[17]
    • 朝鲜人:
      总伤亡人数1,550,000人(估计)[17]

    朝鲜战争朝鮮半島上的朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政权与大韓民國政权之间的战爭中华人民共和国苏联出兵支持朝鲜,而16国組成的联合国军(主要为美國)出兵支持韩国。在三八线发生冲突及南部发生四三事件等事态后,朝鮮人民軍于1950年6月25日跨越三八线南下入侵韩国,战争开始[54][55][56]联合国军中国人民志愿军先後參戰,最终于1953年7月27日在板门店签署《朝鲜停战协定》,根据停战时实际控制线建立朝韩非军事区作為缓冲地带。朝鲜半岛南北双方仍有外交冲突和军事对峙,持续至今[註 32]

    朝鲜战争也影響中國地缘政治局势,形成台海兩岸对峙格局。停战逾25年、冷戰局势开始緩和后,联合国及大多数國家逐渐改变并同时承认朝鲜、韩国两个政权,而不介入双方的领土争端。有鉴于此,联合国于1991年同时接纳南北雙方各自加入并成为联合国会员国。朝鲜战争死亡人数约为300万,平民死亡比例高于第二次世界大战越南战争,几乎摧毁了朝鲜半岛所有主要城市,平壤直接被炸为平地,双方进行了数千起大屠杀,韩国屠杀了数万名疑似共产党员,朝鲜也被指控以酷刑及强行劳改虐待战俘。

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      United States – 302,483
      Belgium – 900
      United Kingdom – 14,198
      South Africa – 826
      Canada – 6,146
      The Netherlands – 819
      Turkey – 5,453
      Luxembourg – 44
      Australia – 2,282
      Philippines – 1,496
      New Zealand – 1,385
      Thailand – 1,204
      Ethiopia – 1,271
      Greece – 1,263
      France – 1,119
       
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      UK-Korea Relations. British Embassy Pyongyang. Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2012-02-09 [2013-02-16]. When war came to Korea in June 1950, Britain was second only to the United States in the contribution it made to the UN effort in Korea. 87,000 British troops took part in the Korean conflict, and over 1,000 British servicemen lost their lives [失效連結]
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    24. ^ Shrader, Charles R. Communist Logistics in the Korean War. Issue 160 of Contributions in Military Studies. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1995: 90 [2013-02-17]. ISBN 978-0313295096. NKPA strength peaked in October 1952 at 266,600 men in eighteen divisions and six independent brigades. 
    25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Kolb, Richard K. In Korea we whipped the Russian Air Force. VFW Magazine (Veterans of Foreign Wars). 1999, 86 (11) [2013-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-10). Soviet involvement in the Korean War was on a large scale. During the war, 72,000 Soviet troops (among them 5,000 pilots) served along the Yalu River in Manchuria. At least 12 air divisions rotated through. A peak strength of 26,000 men was reached in 1952. ., 
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      New Zealand: KIA 34; WIA 299; MIA/POW 1
       
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    53. ^ Lewy, Guenter. America in Vietnam. Oxford University Press. 1980: 450–453. ISBN 9780199874231. For the Korean War the only hard statistic is that of American military deaths, which included 33,629 battle deaths and 20,617 who died of other causes. The North Korean and Chinese Communists never published statistics of their casualties. The number of South Korean military deaths has been given as in excess of 400,000; the South Korean Ministry of Defense puts the number of killed and missing at 281,257. Estimates of communist troops killed are about one-half million. The total number of Korean civilians who died in the fighting, which left almost every major city in North and South Korea in ruins, has been estimated at between 2 and 3 million. This adds up to almost 1 million military deaths and a possible 2.5 million civilians who were killed or died as a result of this extremely destructive conflict. The proportion of civilians killed in the major wars of this century (and not only in the major ones) has thus risen steadily. It reached about 42 percent in World War II and may have gone as high as 70 percent in the Korean War. ... we find that the ratio of civilian to military deaths [in Vietnam] is not substantially different from that of World War II and is well below that of the Korean War. 
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