犹太人 

犹太人
יהודים‎(Yehudim
總人口
1520萬–1990萬(如果包括部分猶太血統則為2260万)[1][2]
分佈地區
 以色列6,905,000–7,401,000
 美國6,000,000–11,500,000
 法國440,000–600,000
 加拿大398,000–550,000
 英国312,000–370,000
 阿根廷175,000–310,000
 俄羅斯150,000–460,000
 德国118,000–225,000
 澳大利亞118,000–145,000
 巴西92,000–150,000
 南非52,000–75,000
 烏克蘭43,000–140,000
 匈牙利47,000–100,000
 墨西哥40,000–50,000
 荷蘭30,000–53,000
 比利时29,000–40,000
 義大利27,000–41,000
 瑞士18,000–25,000
 智利16,000–24,000
 乌拉圭16,000–24,000
 土耳其15,000–21,000
 瑞典15,000–25,000
語言
主要口语语言:
历史语言:
礼仪语言:
宗教信仰
犹太教无神论
相关族群
其他黎凡特[3][4][5][6]撒马利亚人[5]阿拉伯人[5][7]亚述人[5][6]库尔德人[8]

犹太人希伯來語יְהוּדִים‎,羅馬化:Yehudim[9]),是广泛分布于世界各国的族群。根据犹太教律法《哈拉卡》的定义,一切皈依犹太教的人(宗教意义)以及由犹太母亲所生的人(種族意义)都属于犹太人。[來源請求]然而,在实际生活中,犹太人更近似于一种民族概念。犹太人发源于西亚以色列地希伯来地。犹太人的民族、文化和宗教信仰之间具有很强的关联性,犹太教是维系全体犹太人之间认同感的传统宗教[10][11][12]。犹太教不太欢迎外邦人皈依,虽然如此,历史上世界各地仍有部分不同肤色的族群通过皈依犹太教而成为犹太族群的一部分,而犹太人也由此从阿拉伯半岛的一个遊牧民族,发展成为遍布全球的族群。

  1. ^ Dashefsky, Arnold; Della-Pergola, Sergio; Sheskin, Ira (编). World Jewish Population (PDF) (报告). Berman Jewish DataBank. 2021 [4 September 2023]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-09-06). 
  2. ^ Global Jewish population hits 15.7 million ahead of new year, 46% of them in Israel | the Times of Israel. The Times of Israel. [2023-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-07). 
  3. ^ Wade, Nicholas. Studies Show Jews' Genetic Similarity. New York Times. 2010-06-09 [2015-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-18). 
  4. ^ Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews (PDF). Human Genetics. 2000, 107 (6): 630–41 [2015-04-22]. PMID 11153918. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-12-24). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Shen, P; Lavi, T; Kivisild, T; Chou, V; Sengun, D; Gefel, D; Shpirer, I; Woolf, E; Hillel, J. Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation (PDF). Human Mutation. 2004, 24 (3): 248–60 [2015-04-22]. PMID 15300852. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-05-08). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Jews Are The Genetic Brothers Of Palestinians, Syrians, And Lebanese. Sciencedaily.com. 2000-05-09 [2013-04-12]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24). 
  7. ^ Atzmon, G; Hao, L; Pe'Er, I; Velez, C; Pearlman, A; Palamara, PF; Morrow, B; Friedman, E; Oddoux, C. Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2010, 86 (6): 850–859. PMC 3032072可免费查阅. PMID 20560205. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015. 
  8. ^ Study Finds Close Genetic Connection Between Jews, Kurds. Haaretz.com. [2015-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24). 
  9. ^ 犹太人的由来Jews, Origin, Etymology. [2011-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-19). 
  10. ^ [1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) "The Jewish Problem: How To Solve It," 美国最高法院大法官路易斯·布兰代斯, "Jews are a distinctive nationality of which every Jew, whatever his country, his station or shade of belief, is necessarily a member" (April 25, 1915), University of Louisville Louis D. Brandeis School of Law, Retrieved on June 15, 2009
  11. ^ [2]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Palmer, Henry, A History of the Jewish Nation (1875), D. Lothrop & Co., Retrieved on June 15, 2009
  12. ^ [3]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) "The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 7: Berlin Years," U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis, "The Jewish Nation is a living fact" (June 21, 1921), Princeton University Press, Retrieved on June 15, 2009



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