三陰性乳癌 

三陰性乳癌
症状组织细胞突变率高、肿瘤分级高、存在坏死炎症浸润,不同亚型有所差异[1]
类型乳癌triple-negative breast neoplasm[*]
风险因子
診斷方法免疫组化[3]
治療乳房切除术
化学疗法
靶向治疗
预后依照分型有所差异,多数较差
盛行率10-20%的乳癌病例
分类和外部资源
醫學專科肿瘤学

三陰性乳癌(英語:triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)也称三阴性乳腺癌,是指缺乏雌激素受体英语Estrogen receptor(ER)、孕酮受体(PR)表达与缺乏表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)基因表达的乳癌[1]临床上一般通过免疫组化确定[3]。这三个基因表达的特征常见于其它乳癌中,却少见于此分型中[1],如激素治疗等在内的常见乳癌治疗方案往往针对这两种激素受体和HER2基因,因而这些疗法对三阴性乳癌患者一般无效[4]。目前主要采取化疗对该癌症包括转移期在内各个阶段进行治疗[5]。虽然化疗可在病理学意义上完全消除许多三阴性乳腺癌患者的肿瘤[1],但因复发率较高,对患者预期生存时间改善不大,这一矛盾现象也被称为“三阴性悖论”[6]。与其它药物进行联合治疗已经被临床试验证实有效[7]。在美国,超50%的可选择手术的患者选择了乳房切除术[4]

三阴性作为一种侵袭性表型,主要表现为基底样或正常乳腺样肿瘤[3],90%为单灶性浸润性导管癌[3]。该型癌症易发转移,复发较多且较早,缺乏获批准英语Approved drug靶向治疗方法[4]。该型癌症具有高度异质性,因此可能并非单一疾病,而是不同疾病之集合[8],依据组织学、细胞起源、突变、转移潜能、疾病进展、治疗反应和临床结果等,还可以分出可以采取不同治疗策略的亚型[1][9],如针对BRCA突变的患者已经出现PARP抑制剂英语PARP inhibitor靶向治疗药物[10][11][12]。不同亚型对药物的反应也不同,如病人无BRCA1/2突变或有肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞浓度增加,则已有试验证实卡铂联合紫杉醇进行新辅助英语Neoadjuvant therapy化疗效果更好[13][14]。对于不同亚型的预后也会有所差异,诺丁汉预后指数可以帮助进行预后判断,但需要更激进治疗者除外[15]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Minckwitz, Gunter von; Tutt, Andrew; Liedtke, Cornelia; Denkert, Carsten. Molecular alterations in triple-negative breast cancer—the road to new treatment strategies. The Lancet. 2017-06-17, 389 (10087): 2430–2442. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 27939063. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32454-0 (英语). 
  2. ^ 引证错误:没有为名为:5的参考文献提供内容
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kumar, Pankaj; Aggarwal, Rupali. An overview of triple-negative breast cancer. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2016-02, 293 (2): 247–269. ISSN 0932-0067. doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3859-y (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sharma, Priyanka. Biology and Management of Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. The Oncologist. 2016-09, 21 (9): 1050–1062. ISSN 1549-490X. PMC 5016071可免费查阅. PMID 27401886. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0067. 
  5. ^ Gadi, Vijayakrishna K.; Davidson, Nancy E. Practical Approach to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal of Oncology Practice. 2017-05-01, 13 (5): 293–300 [2019-05-15]. ISSN 1554-7477. doi:10.1200/JOP.2017.022632. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14). 
  6. ^ Perou, Charles M.; Graham, Mark L.; Sartor, Carolyn I.; Ollila, David W.; Collichio, Frances; Moore, Dominic T.; Gatti, Lisa; Sawyer, Lynda; Dees, E. Claire. The Triple Negative Paradox: Primary Tumor Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Subtypes. Clinical Cancer Research. 2007-04-15, 13 (8): 2329–2334 [2019-05-15]. ISSN 1078-0432. PMID 17438091. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1109. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15) (英语). 
  7. ^ Chalakur-Ramireddy, Naveen K.R.; Pakala, Suresh B. Combined drug therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Bioscience Reports. 2018-01-30, 38 (1). ISSN 0144-8463. PMC 5789156可免费查阅. PMID 29298879. doi:10.1042/BSR20171357. 
  8. ^ Foulkes, William D.; Smith, Ian E.; Reis-Filho, Jorge S. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010, 363 (20): 1938–1948 [2019-05-15]. doi:10.1056/Nejmra1001389. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14). 
  9. ^ Wang, Chao; Kar, Shreya; Lai, Xianning; Cai, Wanpei; Arfuso, Frank; Sethi, Gautam; Lobie, Peter E.; Goh, Boon C.; Lim, Lina H.K. Triple negative breast cancer in Asia: An insider’s view. Cancer Treatment Reviews. 2018-01, 62: 29–38 [2019-05-15]. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.014. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14) (英语). 
  10. ^ Robson, Mark; Im, Seock-Ah; Senkus, Elżbieta; Xu, Binghe; Domchek, Susan M.; Masuda, Norikazu; Delaloge, Suzette; Li, Wei; Tung, Nadine. Olaparib for Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients with a Germline BRCA Mutation. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017-08-10, 377 (6): 523–533. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 28578601. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1706450. 
  11. ^ 佩妮. PARP抑制剂在三阴性乳腺癌中的应用. 药渡. 2018-03-23 [2019-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14) –通过新浪医药. 
  12. ^ Litton, Jennifer; Hannah, Alison; Blum, Joanne; Tudor, Iulia; Markova, Denka; Miguel, Martin; Gonçalves, Anthony; Hurvitz, Sara A.; Ettl, Johannes. A phase 3 trial comparing talazoparib, an oral PARP inhibitor, to physician’s choice of therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation: EMBRACA subgroups by age. The Breast. 2018-10-01, 41: S12. ISSN 0960-9776. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2018.08.034 (英语). 
  13. ^ 钱多乐. 三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗标准 柳叶刀揭示卡铂能带来什么?. 医脉通肿瘤科. 2018-03-05 [2019-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15) –通过健康界. 
  14. ^ Geyer, Charles E.; Liu, Xuan; Symmans, W. Fraser; Rastogi, Priya; Filho, Otto Metzger; Lorenzo, Jose J. Ponce; McIntyre, Kristi; Wolmark, Norman; Sullivan, Danielle. Addition of the PARP inhibitor veliparib plus carboplatin or carboplatin alone to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (BrighTNess): a randomised, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2018-04-01, 19 (4): 497–509. ISSN 1470-2045. PMID 29501363. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30111-6 (英语). 
  15. ^ Albergaria, A.; Ricardo, S.; Milanezi, F.; Carneiro, V. T.; Amendoeira, I.; Vieira, D.; Cameselle-Teijeiro, J.; Schmitt, F. Nottingham Prognostic Index in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A reliable prognostic tool?. BMC Cancer. 2011, 11: 299. PMC 3151231可免费查阅. PMID 21762477. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-11-299. 



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