神曲

克里斯多福羅·蘭迪諾與亞歷山德羅·維爾盧泰洛（英语：Alessandro Vellutello）所註解的《地獄（英语：Inferno (Dante)）》、《煉獄（英语：Purgatorio (Dante)）》與《天堂（英语：Paradiso (Dante)）》（梵蒂岡宗座圖書館藏，1564年）

神曲（意大利语：Divina Commedia，英语：Divine Comedy），是意大利诗人但丁·阿利吉耶里创作的长诗，約於1308年開始創作，1321年前後完成。《神曲》被廣泛看作義大利文學的經典^[1]及世界文學的瑰寶^[2]，詩中對死後世界的描寫向後人展示了十四世紀西方教會的世界觀。全詩以托斯卡納方言寫成，為日後的標準義大利語奠下基礎。^[3]

《神曲》敘述但丁本人遊歷地獄、煉獄以及天堂的旅程^[4]，描寫人死後的情況與神聖正義的獎懲^[5]。但丁的行程象徵人對上主的皈依：首先是地獄，象徵「認罪」；其次是煉獄，象徵基督徒的「悔改」；最後是升至神前的天堂^[6]。但丁借鑑了中世紀天主教神學思想，特別是多瑪斯·阿奎那《神學大全》（Summa Theologica）的托馬斯主義基督教哲學^[7]，因此《神曲》又被稱為「韻文大全」（Summa in verse）^[8]。埃里希·奧爾巴赫認為但丁首創將人類描述為特定時間、地點和環境的產物，人類從此跳脫出神話原型，抑或惡習與美德的集合體。《神曲》的想像世界開創了現代小說的寫實主義和自我描摹傳統。^[9]

^ For example, Encyclopedia Americana, 2006, Vol. 30. p. 605: "the greatest single work of Italian literature;" John Julius Norwich, The Italians: History, Art, and the Genius of a People, Abrams, 1983, p. 27: "his tremendous poem, still after six and a half centuries the supreme work of Italian literature, remains – after the legacy of ancient Rome – the grandest single element in the Italian heritage;" and Robert Reinhold Ergang, The Renaissance, Van Nostrand, 1967, p. 103: "Many literary historians regard the Divine Comedy as the greatest work of Italian literature. In world literature it is ranked as an epic poem of the highest order."
^ Bloom, Harold. The Western Canon. 1994. ISBN 9780151957477. See also Western canon for other "canons" that include the Divine Comedy.
^ Lepschy, Laura; Lepschy, Giulio. The Italian Language Today. 1977.
^ Peter E. Bondanella, The Inferno, Introduction, p. xliii, Barnes & Noble Classics, 2003, ISBN 1-59308-051-4: "the key fiction of the Divine Comedy is that the poem is true."
^ Vallone, Aldo. "Commedia" (trans. Robin Treasure). In: Lansing (ed.), The Dante Encyclopedia, 181-84.
^ Dorothy L. Sayers, Hell, notes on page 19.
^ Charles Allen Dinsmore, The Teachings of Dante (Ayer, 1970), p. 38, ISBN 0-8369-5521-8.
^ The Fordham Monthly （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Fordham University, Vol. XL, Dec. 1921, p. 76
^ Michael Dirda, Introduction to Auerbach's Dante: Poet of the Secular World 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 November 2022. (New York: New York Review Books, 2007), pp. viii–ix. ISBN 978-1-59017-219-3

[1] For example, Encyclopedia Americana, 2006, Vol. 30. p. 605: "the greatest single work of Italian literature;" John Julius Norwich, The Italians: History, Art, and the Genius of a People, Abrams, 1983, p. 27: "his tremendous poem, still after six and a half centuries the supreme work of Italian literature, remains – after the legacy of ancient Rome – the grandest single element in the Italian heritage;" and Robert Reinhold Ergang, The Renaissance, Van Nostrand, 1967, p. 103: "Many literary historians regard the Divine Comedy as the greatest work of Italian literature. In world literature it is ranked as an epic poem of the highest order."

[2] Bloom, Harold. The Western Canon. 1994. ISBN 9780151957477. See also Western canon for other "canons" that include the Divine Comedy.

[3] Lepschy, Laura; Lepschy, Giulio. The Italian Language Today. 1977.

[4] Peter E. Bondanella, The Inferno, Introduction, p. xliii, Barnes & Noble Classics, 2003, ISBN 1-59308-051-4: "the key fiction of the Divine Comedy is that the poem is true."

[commedia-5] Vallone, Aldo. "Commedia" (trans. Robin Treasure). In: Lansing (ed.), The Dante Encyclopedia, 181-84.

[6] Dorothy L. Sayers, Hell, notes on page 19.

[7] Charles Allen Dinsmore, The Teachings of Dante (Ayer, 1970), p. 38, ISBN 0-8369-5521-8.

[8] The Fordham Monthly （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Fordham University, Vol. XL, Dec. 1921, p. 76

[9] Michael Dirda, Introduction to Auerbach's Dante: Poet of the Secular World 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 November 2022. (New York: New York Review Books, 2007), pp. viii–ix. ISBN 978-1-59017-219-3

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神曲 转为简体

神曲