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阿爾伯特·克勞德 Albert Claude | |
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出生 | 1899年8月24日 |
逝世 | 1983年5月22日 比利時 | (83歲)
公民权 | 比利時 美國 |
科学生涯 |
阿爾伯特·克勞德(法語:Albert Claude,法语发音:[albɛʁ klod];1899年8月24日—1983年5月22日),比利時生物學家,1974年因為對細胞構造的研究,而與他的學生克里斯蒂安·德·迪夫及喬治·帕拉德共同獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。
阿爾伯特·克勞德 | |
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出生 | Longlier, Neufchâteau, Belgium | 1899年8月24日
逝世 | 1983年5月22日 Brussels, Belgium | (83歲)
公民权 | Belgium and United States |
母校 | University of Liège |
知名于 | Cell fractionation Electron microscopy in biology |
配偶 | Julia Gilder |
儿女 | Philippa |
奖项 | Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize in 1970 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 |
科学生涯 | |
研究领域 | Cell biology |
机构 | Rockefeller University Institut Jules Bordet Université libre de Bruxelles Université catholique de Louvain |
施影响于 | George Palade |
Albert Claude (24 August 1899 – 22 May 1983) was a Belgian-American cell biologist and medical doctor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Christian de Duve and George Emil Palade. His elementary education started in a comprehensive primary school at Longlier, his birthplace. He served in the British Intelligence Service during the First World War, and got imprisoned in concentration camps twice. In recognition of his service, he was granted enrolment at the University of Liège in Belgium to study medicine without any formal education required for the course. He earned his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1928. Devoted to medical research, he initially joined German institutes in Berlin. In 1929 he found an opportunity to join the Rockefeller Institute in New York. At Rockefeller University he made his most groundbreaking achievements in cell biology. In 1930 he developed the technique of cell fractionation, by which he discovered the agent of the Rous sarcoma, components of cell organelles such as mitochondrion, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosome and lysosome. He was the first to employ the electron microscope in the field of biology. In 1945 he published the first detailed structure of cell. His collective works established the complex functional and structural properties of cells.[1]
Claude served as director at Jules Bordet Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment and Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cancérologie in Louvain-la-Neuve ; Professor at the Free University of Brussels, the University of Louvain, and Rockefeller University. For his pioneering works he received the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize in 1970, together with George Palade and Keith Porter, the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 1971, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with his student George Palade and friend Christian de Duve.[2]
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